Clinical studies have shown that elevated plasma levels of CXCL8 and other ELR-CXC chemokines can occur with acute indications such as arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, and cancer, as well as acute indications such as reperfusion injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Cheng et al., 2017). Here, CXCL8 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.