E.g., metformin, which is not only important for type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy (Lv and Guo, 2020) but also represents the canonical AMPK activator, decreased proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells derived from PAH patients (Dean et al., 2016) and rats exposed to endothelin-1 (Wu et al., 2014) or galectin-3 (Zhang et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.