Myocardial cell injury may lead to the release of sPD-L1, and we measured high levels of sPD-L1 (data not shown) in a lung cancer patient undergoing PD-1 inhibitor treatment who developed myocardial infarction during treatment in view of the existence of myocarditis caused by immunotherapy (36). Here, SPDL1 is linked to myocardial infarction.