IFNA1 and neoplasm: In addition to the currently widely used immunotherapy markers (PD-L1 expression, TMB, and MMR/MSI), tumor-intrinsic biomarkers (neoantigens, WNT/β-catenin, DNA damage pathways, IFN signaling mutations, AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) mutation, PTEN loss) and immune-specific biomarkers (T cells, IFN-γ signature, Teff/Treg ratio, CD103+ DCs, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), B-cell signature, CXCL13, M1 and M2 cells) are worthy of further exploration.