MAFs and dedifferentiated mesenchymal-like melanoma cells can produce and remodel the ECM in response to cues from the TME such as secreted factors (e.g., TGFβ, PDGF, fibroblast growth factor 2), hypoxia, ECM mechanical signals and in response to BRAF inhibitor treatment (85). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is melanoma.