PDCD1 and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: Common changes reported in the immune microenvironment of OPMD are similar to other premalignant lesions, including CD3 lymphocytes, CD8 T cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, M1/M2-macrophages and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis (12, 13, 17–26).