TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In addition, another tryptophan derivative, indole-3-acetic acid, has been reported to reduce liver adipogenesis (Srebf1, Scd1, PPAR γ, Acaca and Gpam), oxidative stress (ROS and MDA) and inflammation (MCP-1 and TNF-α) to alleviate NAFLD in mice (69, 70).