Leptin serum levels were also higher in the previously-infected individuals (45.31 ng/mL [95% CI 32.54-58.09]) compared to infection-naïve subjects (31.11 ng/mL [95% CI 25.55-36.67]) and higher in females compared to males within the last group (36.59 ng/mL [95% CI 29.56-43.63] vs. 16.43 ng/mL [95% CI 11.61-21.25, P< 0.0001], Figure 4D). The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is infection.