AKT/NF-κB pathway has been reported to be involved in CAVD [47], and cardamonin inhibits the phenotypical calcific transformation of human VICs by mediating the inactivation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome [48]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.