VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia can cause abnormal DNA methylation in multiple genes such as endothelial NOS, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), homeobox A5, Krüppel-like factor 3, homeobox 4, homeobox 6, small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 (SMAD6), and SMAD3, which are involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and migration resulting in ED (Dunn et al., 2015; Aref-Eshghi et al., 2020; Pepin et al., 2021).