Change rates of serum NfL levels were related to changes in scores of UPDRS III (β = 7.841, P = 0.048), rigidity (β = 2.337, P = 0.042), mean putamen SBR values (β = 0.32, P = 0.003) and PIGD (β = 1.934, P = 0.044), and correlated with change rates of CSF NfL levels (β = 0.640, P < 0.001) in PD groups (Figure 2E and Supplementary Table 3). The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is Parkinson disease.