In AD, oligomeric Aβ was shown to engage with cluster of differentiation (CD)14/TLR2/TLR4 on microglia to induce p38-conveyed ROS-production and the activation of NF-κB (Reed-Geaghan et al., 2009), while the binding of Aβ to CD36 led to the heterodimerisation of TLR4/TLR6 and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-evoked generation of mature IL-1β (El Khoury et al., 2003; Stewart et al., 2010; Sheedy et al., 2013). Here, TLR4 is linked to Alzheimer disease.