As observed for PD cell and animal models (Yun et al., 2018), NLY01 suppressed the Aβ1–42-evoked stimulation of hippocampal microglia, the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines in a GLP-1R-mediated manner, forestalled microglia-driven astrocyte activation and the induction of various genes associated with astrogliosis, blocked inflammation/astrocyte-evoked neuronal death in vitro/in vivo and rescued learning and memory in 5xFAD and 3 × Tg-AD rodents (Park et al., 2021). The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is Alzheimer disease.