For example, Aβ1–42-provoked decreases in the cerebral BDNF levels could be rescued with the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 (Prakash and Kumar, 2014; Chen et al., 2015), whereas reduced BDNF transcription co-occurred with elevated IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels as well as reactive microglia numbers in the SNpc, striatum and hippocampus of PD and Lewy Body Disease patients (Sawada et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.