Besides regulating the mitochondrial biogenesis, given that PGC-1α further co-induces other mitochondrial effectors [NRF-1/2 and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM)], modulates anti-oxidant gene expression (SOD, catalase, GSH), prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and blocks α-synuclein oligomerisation and apoptosis, PGC-1α plays a key role especially in PD (Ebrahim et al., 2010; Shin et al., 2011; Mudo et al., 2012; Corona and Duchen, 2015; Ye et al., 2017). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is Parkinson disease.