In vitro studies in high glucose or AGE-stressed neurons imply that GLP-1 or its analogs rescue diabetes-associated structural mitochondrial damage and membrane potential loss, ROS production, DNA oxidation, Aβ secretion, Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death (Li et al., 2010b; Chen et al., 2014; An et al., 2015). The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is diabetes mellitus.