PPARGC1A and Alzheimer disease: GLP-1R agonists restored the expression of NRF-1 upon 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial damage in neuroblastoma cells (Zhang L.Y. et al., 2021) and in the brains of AGE-injected mice (An et al., 2015), while normalizing the decreased neuronal PGC-1α levels in response to H2O2, Aβ, or AGE-induced oxidative stress in vitro (Ma et al., 2017) and in vivo in 3 × Tg AD or AGE-treated mice (An et al., 2015; Cai et al., 2021).