MAPK1 and Sepsis: A previous study investigating the hyperinflammatory phase during sepsis suggested that activated autophagy degenerated an E3 ubiquitin ligase and scaffold protein called Pellino 3 in TLR4-signaling, resulting in a reduction in phosphorylated MAPK14, MAPK8 and MAPK1 and ultimately inhibiting proinflammatory IL-1β expression (Giegerich et al., 2014).