IL18 and biliary atresia: They localise close to intrahepatic bile ducts of infants with biliary atresia and can target cholangiocytes via the activating receptor NKG2D in the rotavirus model.69 In mice, NK cell activation likely occurs via inflammasome activation, leading to elevated IL-18 levels.106 IL-18 has also been identified as a susceptibility gene for biliary atresia,107 and the response might be allowed to proceed because of insufficient immune control from regulatory T cells.108 However, most of this work on NK cells, both in PSC and biliary atresia, was performed in mouse models.