LHX1 and breast carcinoma: Some studies have demonstrated that LHX1 is expressed in diverse types of cancer cells, including leukemia, renal carcinoma, and breast cancer cells, in addition to epithelial cells.14, 15, 16, 17 For example, LHX1 overexpression has been reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, chronic leukemia and pancreatic cancer tissues,18, 19, 20 and its activation has also been detected in nephroblastoma and medulloblastoma tissues.8