In this review, we focus on recent insights into metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and tumor-infiltrated stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), innate and adaptive immune cells, endothelial cells (ECs), adipocytes, and erythrocytes; then, we address how the TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in the tumor metabolic microenvironment (TMME) at the cellular and tissular (intercellular) level. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.