Different UISS-TB output predictions regarding tuberculosis immunological hallmarks during the early infection phase are considered for the physiological layer.28 These include: (i) innate early host immune response to MTB infection; (ii) adaptive T cellular immune response mounted against MTB infection; (iii) dynamics of the typical CD4 + Th1 and Th17 cytokines signature; (iv) dynamics of IL-10, TNF-α, type I interferons, LXA4 and PGE2; and (v) dynamics of Mtb viable bacilli and specific IgM, IgG and IgA anti-Mtb. Here, TNF is linked to infection.