S100A9+ MDSCs-derived TAMs, which express S100A9+ and M2 marker CD206, attenuate the cytotoxic effect of EGFR-TKIs.229 Novel RELB alternative NF-κB pathway activation may be the reason, whose function in cell cycle arrest and death inhibition was shown by previous studies.230,231 In HCC, MDSCs-derived IL-6 were found to induce HCC cells to secret FGF-1. This evidence concerns the gene S100A9 and hepatocellular carcinoma.