NFKB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Utilizing a mouse-model of COPD, mice that received intranasally-administered recombinant CC16 experienced reductions in cigarette-smoked induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), reduced NF-κB activation, decreases in inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduced alveolar size [10].