However, heat production-related glucose uptake into thermogenic fat has been suggested to be independent of insulin signaling, primarily dependent on GLUT1 transporter in an adrenergic-promoted manner.175–177 In addition to decreasing glucose directly, peripheral lipid clearance also indirectly benefits β-cells and aids in restoring peripheral insulin sensitivity.178 Collectively, beige and brown fat confers beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which may be used as an underlying therapeutic target for the treatment of T2DM. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.