INS and cancer: In addition, SAT wasting was likely related to the browning of adipocytes, because overexpression of UCP1 in SAT exposed to PC exosomes was tested in mice and patients with PC.308 Mechanically, the browning of SAT may be induced by exosomal adrenomedullin shed from cancer cells via activating the p38 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling axis.309 Of note, it is commonly believed that thermogenic fat can accelerate the intake of glucose and improve insulin resistance in obese and T2DM.