ATG3 and central nervous system cancer: First, imipramine as monotherapy elicits increased infiltration of CD8 and CD4 T cells into gliomas, recruitment that is dependent on the elevated levels of autophagy, as confirmed by a knockdown of the autophagic regulatory gene ATG3 in cancer cells, consistent with previous reports that autophagy can be immunostimulatory (Ramakrishnan et al., 2012; Rao et al., 2014).