CHAT and Anxiety: Studies leveraging these genes have provided evidence for molecular-functional mapping, including the role of ChAT+ neurons in anxiety, nicotine sensitivity, and fear, as well as recent work identifying a role for Tac1+ neurons in spatial learning and motivated behavior (Cho et al., 2019; Seigneur et al., 2018; Yamaguchi et al., 2013; Pang et al., 2016; Frahm et al., 2011; Zhao-Shea et al., 2015; Hsu et al., 2014).