FNDC5 and atherosclerosis: Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidaemia are known to accelerate the atherosclerotic process by direct endothelial dysfunction augmenting cytokine release with increasing lipid peroxidation and causing oxidative damage [20]; our results showed non-significant differences regarding fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, or HDL in patients and controls, which enabled us to estimate the relationship between irisin and atherosclerosis as there was no correlation.