GATA4 and ventricular septal defect: Knockout mice for Tbx1 or double heterozygous knockout mice for Gata4 and Gata6 exhibit fetal nuchal edema with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) (Vitelli et al., 2002; Xin et al., 2006; Burger et al., 2016).