Similarly, a mutation in the transcription factor NKX2-5 leads to adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy and expression of such a specific mutant form of NKX2 in COS-7 cells or HL-1 cardiomyocytes causes UPS impairment (Costa et al., 2013). Here, NKX2-5 is linked to dilated cardiomyopathy.