TNF and mastitis: Luteolin inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; suppressed IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation levels; and downregulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in S. aureus-induced mastitis [125], showing its potential in reducing tissue damage and inflammation caused by S. aureus-induced mastitis.