Fasting lactate levels have been reported to be increased in obese and type 2 diabetics compared to healthy individuals (Reaven et al., 1988; Lovejoy et al., 1992; Crawford et al., 2008), and associated with insulin resistance (Lovejoy et al., 1992; Chondronikola et al., 2018). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.