CD53 and encephalitis: For example, HSV encephalitis has a predisposition to affect epileptogenic areas within the frontotemporal region and in autoimmune encephalitis, the antibodies associated with neuronal cell-surface antigens, that are highly expressed in this region, are themselves often directly involved in the disease process.16–18 The differential disease mechanisms observed in specific aetiologies of encephalitis may influence seizure risk, however, there was inadequate power in this analysis to establish factors associated with seizures within aetiological subgroups.