TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: They found that markers of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, NLRP3 inflammasomes, transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and Ccl2, expression of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins, and markers of fibrosis are significantly increased in NASH mice; however, treatment of NASH mice with a necroptosis inhibitor reverses these conditions (101).