Some NLRs can detect DAMPs and stimulate the expression of proinflammatory genes, while other NLRs require the participation of other PRRs in order to promote the processing and secretion of the key proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, which are involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases (including systemic sclerosis (SSc), atherosclerosis, and arthritis), leading to tissue fibrosis (18). Here, IL1B is linked to systemic sclerosis.