The chemokine CCL2 protein is localized to cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, interstitial fibroblasts and infiltrating leukocytes in aortic-cavernous fistula (ACF) rats and is involved in the progression of myocardial dysfunction and HF in ACF rats, with a positive correlation between its expression and the severity of congestive heart failure (CHF) (8). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is congestive heart failure.