NOR1 may also be involved in the process of isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and silencing of the NOR1 gene ameliorates neosynephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy (Feng et al., 2015; Medzikovic et al., 2019) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene NR4A3 and cardiac hypertrophy.