NR4A3 and Cerebral ischemia: In a more recent study by Caba et al. (2021), researchers found that stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor by extracellular glutamate, overaccumulation of which is frequently observed in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, triggered a rapid increase in NOR1 mRNA expression levels in hippocampal slice cultures.