Mutation and inactivation of RUNX1, which have been repeatedly observed in AML patients (Simon et al., 2020; Waidhauser et al., 2021), can induce proliferation of immature CD34+CD38− progenitor cells and a concomitant decrease in NOR1 expression (Wang J. et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene NR4A3 and acute myeloid leukemia.