Our previous study showed that MLs significantly improve the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the insulin tolerance test (ITT), serum insulin, and other indexes in T2D rats, regulate blood glucose metabolism, improve glucose tolerance, enhance pancreatic islet function, improve insulin resistance, reduce blood lipid level, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, and improve T2D symptoms (Tian et al., 2017; Tian et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019; Cheng et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.