TNF and cancer: As a result, nine signaling pathways (excluded cancer pathways) were involved and enriched from 16 of 47 targets (Figure 3D), which could be sorted into four groups according to their biological functions: (1) glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related targets (LDHB, TPI1, and ALDH2); (2) amino acid metabolism–related targets (ALDH2, GOT2, MAOA, MIF, and TYR); (3) lipid regulation–related targets (ALDH2, ACOX1, CHKB, PPARA, and TNF); and (4) inflammation and immune regulation–related targets (TNF, HSP90AA1, HSP90B1, ALOX12, ALOX15, and PTGS1).