To investigate the role of the C3a-C3ar1 pathway in immune regulation and retinal degeneration, immunostaining with anti-GFAP and anti-Iba1 antibodies revealed marked increases in the fluorescence intensities of GFAP and Iba1 in retinas on day 7 after NaIO3 stimulation (Figure 3). Here, C3AR1 is linked to retinal degeneration.