Importantly, sQTLs also affected genes that harbor variants that cause monogenic diabetes (KCNK16, ABCC8, PDX1) or influence T2D risk (THADA, PAM) as well as genes that play a role in T1D pathogenesis (ICA1, PTPRN2, HLA-B) (Fig. 1d–j, Additional file 1: Fig. S3, Additional files 3 and 4: Table S2-S3). This evidence concerns the gene PDX1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.