ATAD1 and infection: In South Africa [42], RO33 allele of msp1 (84.8%), 3D7 allele of msp2 (90.8%) were dominant in 2006–2007, but in the same setting in 2013–2016 polyclonal infection rates of msp1 ranged from 76.7 to 29.1% and msp2 from 62.4 to 28.3% with significant decline of allelic types in 2013–2016.