Two studies have recently reported that combining PD-1/PD-L1 therapies with the cytokine TGF-β can enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor response through CTL infiltration to prevent the growth and metastatic spread of both murine EMT6 breast mammary carcinoma and orthotopic colorectal cancer vaccination models [22, 46]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.