Whereas the germinal loss of either of these proteins leads to early embryonic death (Yao et al., 1998), hemizygous mutations in the genes encoding for CBP and p300 are linked in humans to a rare intellectual disability disorder known as Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS; Petrij et al., 1995; Roelfsema et al., 2005), and cause cognitive impairments and other syndromic features in mice (Alarcón et al., 2004; Viosca et al., 2010). The gene discussed is CREBBP; the disease is Cognitive impairment.