Among the identified proteins, five DEPs including very low-density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr), aquaporin-1 (Aqp1), platelet factor 4 (Pf4), peptidylprolyl isomerase and malonyl-coa-acyl carrier protein transacylase (Mcat), have been confirmed to be related to the change in placental function, placental vascular dysfunction, and placental inflammation in patients with GDM and its complications [45–50]. Here, LDLR is linked to gestational diabetes.