Since the involvement of JNK in glutamine-dependent signaling has been reported to play a role in AKI (15), we analyzed the signaling intermediates in JNK signaling, including HSP70, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), p–Bcl-2 associated agonist of cell death (p-Bad), p-14-3-3ζ, and caspase-3, by biochemical assays and immunohistochemistry staining (Figure 3, D–I, and Supplemental Figure 4C). Here, CASP3 is linked to acute kidney injury.