In addition, high expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and other inflammatory factors plays an important role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease.[42] These factors affect intestinal motility through nerve and endocrine pathways to act on the nerve fibers of the intestinal mucosal and smooth muscle layers, which results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in stool characteristics. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.