In a retrospective study of patients with HCC treated with transarterial chemoembolization and molecular targeted agents with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor necrosis was more likely to occur in patients with larger tumor size and higher AFP levels.[12] Risk factors for liver abscesses, such as malignancy and renal failure, and the large tumor size (11 cm) may have contributed to liver abscess development in this patient. Here, AFP is linked to acute kidney injury.