2′3′cGAMP detected by ER-resident STING and triggers STING translocation to Golgi, activating TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) which is subsequently translocated into the nucleus to activate the expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes to resist HIV infection (Siddiqui et al., 2019; Hopfner and Hornung, 2020). Here, IFNA1 is linked to HIV infectious disease.