IFNB1 and HIV-1 infection: Moreover, in HIV-1 P90A mutant infection, Trim5α acts as PRR to induce IFN-β production through NF-κB and AP1 signaling pathway in a non-canonical autophagy-dependent method (Saha et al., 2020), which means intact CA-CypA is pivotal for resisting multiple innate antiviral pathways induced by huTrim5α in HIV-1 infection.