CSF2 and neoplasm: integrated CCM-coated Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and lipopolysaccharide into a thermosensitive hydrogel that was subcutaneously injected for sustained delivery of the vaccine; this strategy as found to dramatically improve the survival rate of 4T1 or B16F10 tumor-bearing mice after surgery when it was combined with anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy and near-infrared irradiation (70).