NEAT1 and glioblastoma: Induced by high-mobility group box 1 in GBM cells treated with TMZ, NEAT1 has been shown to promote GSC formation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.24 In addition, a recent study showed that GSCs transfected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against NEAT1 (sh-NEAT1) are associated with significantly reduced viability and proliferation when exposed to TMZ in vitro.