NOS2 and arthritic joint disease: Research in synovial fibroblasts of arthritis patients suggested that TWG has an effect on decreasing the activity of nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB), inhibiting gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reducing the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO, and promoting caspase-3 expression (Yang et al., 2020).