The resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as sorafenib involves the abnormal expression of multiple transcription factors such as Nrf2, retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α(HNF4α), HIC ZBTB Transcriptional Repressor 1 (HIC1), O-GlcNAcylated c-Jun, YAP/TAZ. The gene discussed is JUN; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.