Moreover, OCT may induce autophagy through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway–induced phosphorylation of the Bcl-2–Beclin-1 complex to activate autophagy (Huhtakangas et al., 2017), attenuate IR injury–induced deterioration of AKI function and histological damage, and significantly reduce renal fibrosis (Hamzawy et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene BECN1 and renal fibrosis.