OPTN and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Optineurin (OPTN) is a highly conserved protein that plays a role in vesicular transport (Schwamborn et al., 2000) and NF-KB signaling (Nakazawa et al., 2016; Montecalvo et al., 2017), and the discovery of mutations in the OPTN gene that are associated with several familial diseases, such as OPTNE478G, which is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Wong and Holzbaur, 2014) and OPTNE50K, which is associated with glaucoma, has caused researchers to pay more attention to OPTN (Rezaie et al., 2002; Aung et al., 2005).