In the prediction of the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in COAD, anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-1 treatment was achieved better OS with a low-risk score (p < 0.005; Figures 8B–E). Here, PDCD1 is linked to colon adenocarcinoma.